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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J.-G. STAUNTON.

ROOF.

No. 314,076. Patented Mar. 17, 1885.

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(No Model.)

J. G. ST'AUNTON.

ROOF.

Patented Marfl'Y, 1885.

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J. l FrALUSHA STAUNTON, OF ELLICOTTVILLE, NE\V YORK.

ROOF.

GBPECIFICATIQN forming part of Letters l atent No. 314,076, dated March 17, 1855.

Application filcdJune ll, 18H. (No model.) i

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, J. GALUSHA STAUNTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ellicottville, in the county of Oattaraugus and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Roofs, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the construction of roofs; and the objects of my improvements are, first, to provide a roofing or roof-covering, whether of wood or iron, which is capable of having its parts removed and repla'cechby fastenings from the under side, quickly without damage to the materials; second, to avoidthe retention of water or moisture in any of the parts; third, to avoid the nailing of any of the removable panels; fourth, to provide means for keeping the removable panels in close contact with each other and the battens under circumstances of shrinkage and warping; and, fifth, to economize in the expense of constructing such roofs.

The construction for carrying out these objects, to be hereinafter described, is especially designed with reference to a series of improvements made by me in respect of structures for the culture of poultry; but the improved roof is capable of being used in the construction of buildings of various sorts,as also of freight-cars.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents in perspective a section of roof embracing my improvements, one of the joint covering battens being removed; Fig. 2, a vertical section through the battens, panels, ribbons, and'rafters of a removable roof, showing the fastening for these parts and the double gutter or furrows for the escape of water; Fig. 3, an enlarged section of these fastened parts; Fig. 4, one of the panels, showing its surfacegrooves; Fig. 5, a detail of one of the battens in perspective, turned bottom up to show the screw-sockets for the fastening-bolts. Fig. 6 shows in detail as separated one of the screwsockets, its bolt, and wedge-fastening. Figs. 7 and 8 show the screw-socket in section and plan, and Fig. 9 shows the screw-socket for a cylindrical bolt.

In the drawings, A represents the panels of the roof,which are concaved, and a b the gutters or furrows therein, near the contact-edges of each panel, and over which the battens B are clamped, as hereinafter described, to the ribbons C. These battens B are provided with screwed-in metallic sockets c,having tapering.

screw-threaded peripheries open at their entering ends and closed at their bottom ends, and provided in said closed bottom ends with entering slots 0, for flat key-bolts. They are screwed in any suitable manner into bored recessesin the under contact-surfaces of the battens, which maybe done by a screw-driverinserted in the slot 0, or by the bolt itself used as a screwdriver. The bolts may be flat or cylindrical, and are formed with feathered ends or wings (I, for entering the slots c'in the metallic sockets, which in case of cylindrical bolts are circular openings with turn-grooves c for said wings, as shown in Fig. 9. The bolts D are inserted from beneath the roof through holes 6 in the ribbons, and, passing through half-sockets f in the panels A, enter the metallic sockets in the battens, and, being turned and seated in cross-notches c therein, are held to their engagement by wedges 9, preferably of U form or two-limbed, driven betweenthe heads of the bolts and the under surface of the ribbon of the roof-frame. The screw sockets or cups 0 are screwed into or driven into the battens, as above described.

The ribbons G are spiked firmly upon the rafters at suitable distances apart to sustain the roof, and the roof might be double or single, with devices for bringing together or unit-' ing the double roof at the peak,which devices will form the subject of a separate application for patent. The panels of the roof rest centrally upon barbed spikes s s in the ribbons,

which hold them from slipping downward or laterally and keep them in close junction. These spikes .9 do not pierce through the panels, and they project from the top surface of each ribbon and are fixed therein. They prevent the panel from slipping either way, as above mentioned, and as fixed points determine the swelling and shrinking of the concave panel from the center each way and avoid splitting.

The panels are concave to the edges of the battens on their outer upper surfaces, which in thus reducing their thickness toward the middle diminishes their liability to warp and split. These panels are provided with longitudinal surface furrows or guttersabnear both edges, which are covered by the batten over the joint. They serve to shed water and prevent all accumulation of moisture. The provision of two gutters for each side of the panel, making four under the joint-covering batten, is for the following purpose: They make nar rower lines of contact possible between the panels and battens, drying out moisture more readily, admitting of the use of a twine packing in the one, b,nearest the panels eenter,and quadrupling the security against a leaky roof. Heavy rains, with winds driving laterally across the concave panel, might press beyond a single gutter. The air-current deflected in its course by the first gutter, a, when not packed, might throw the water laterally outand beyond it; but in the present case it would be arrested and carried off by the second gutter, b, as may be readily understood. The less the inclination of the roof the greater the liability to overflow the first gutter, and such a contingency would be most likely to follow, drouth, which might warp the battens between their bolt-fastenings, either upward or laterally, with roofs nearly flat. In roofs of proper pitch I may dispense with any tarred-twine packing of the first gutter.

This construction permits of all the parts being readily taken apart and packed as lumher, to be again put together.

It will be observed that the parts of the roof are held by fastenings from the under side, which do not pierce through or break the em terior surface. So, also, the sidings of a building may be constructed.

The particular fastening which I prefer to use, and which is substantially herein described,and shown in the accompanying drawings, is more fully set forth and claimed in a separate application for patent by me,'to which reference is made.

I claim- 1. In a roof of removable parts, the combination,with the panels and the ribbons, of battens provided with embedded sockets and a boltfastening applied thereto from the under side, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a roof of removable parts, the combination,w ith the panels and the ribbons, of battens provided with embedded sockets, a fast-- ening bolt applied to said sockets from the 'under side, and a wedge-fastening clamp for said bolt, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination, in a roof of removable parts, of the panels, concaved as described, and provided with the double gutters a b near their adjacent edges, and battens provided with embedded sockets to receive clamping bolts from the under side, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a roof of removable parts, the combination, with the panels and battens, clamped from the under side, of the ribbons provided with barbed points or pins for the purpose of holding said panels, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

J. GALUSHA STAUNTON. W'itnesses:

H. LEROY MoCAY, CHAs. O. RUsr. 

